In this turbine the water flows into the runner on hydraulic pressure and left runners at atmospheric pressure. The
pressure difference of both conditions is the so-called 'pressure
reaksi'dan cause movement of the runner is thus called a reaction
turbine. The flow of water from the reservoir into the turbines 'casing' rapidly through a pipe (penstock), creating a hydraulic height. As
the mover will flow into the drive wheel on the condition of pressure
and flow through the fins activator (blade) that shaped curve. Thus, the pressure will be converted into speed. The water will then flow out of the fins with a large relative velocity but with a small absolute velocity. So that the entire force of water flow will were administered on the drive wheel (runner).
Reaction turbine work process
Water flow into the turbine runner passes through the channel (guide vane) mounted around the runner and is equipped with a door regulator (Wicket gate) so that the pressurized water flowing at full speed and play the next runner out to the outside air through the draft-tube and tailrace .
Classification of reaction turbines
Reaction turbines can be classified into 'radial flow' and 'Axial flow'.
To type 'radial flow' there are two kinds, among others, 'Inward-radial-flow' and 'Outward-radial-flow' is often applied as a Francis turbine with the following explanation:
In the turbine type 'Inward-radial-flow', the flow of incoming water from the reservoir into the runner through the penstock and spiral casing from the outside towards the center of the runner and the outgoing direction of the axis of shaft (axial). The advantage of this type is the centrifugal force caused by rotation runners will be offset by the radial flow of incoming water so that when an increase in rotation speed of the runner due to the reduction tends to decrease the burden of regulation by the governor so that the discharge is more easily done.
In contrast to the turbine type 'Outward-radial-flow', the flow of water into the center of the runner and the runner out from the side. With a revenue stream like this then the runner will generate the centrifugal force on the flow of water thereby increasing the relative speed with the result that the addition of water discharge into the runner. This situation will complicate the burden of regulation by the governor.
Example of counting rounds Francis turbine
Head, H = 30 meters
Runner inlet diameter D = 1.2 m
Runner outlet diameter d = 0.6 meters
Inlet angle alpha = 15
Runners fin angle beta = 90
This type of radial flow with velocity ratio, V / U = 0.7
Flow velocity, V = (2 * g * H) ^ 0.5
Runner speed, U = 0.7 * (2 * g * H) ^ 0.5 = 0.7 (2 * 9.81 * 30) ^ 0.5 = 17 m / sec.
Round runner, N = (N * 60) / (3.14 * D) = (17 * 60) / (3.14 * 1.2) = 270 rpm
Reaction turbine work process
Water flow into the turbine runner passes through the channel (guide vane) mounted around the runner and is equipped with a door regulator (Wicket gate) so that the pressurized water flowing at full speed and play the next runner out to the outside air through the draft-tube and tailrace .
Classification of reaction turbines
Reaction turbines can be classified into 'radial flow' and 'Axial flow'.
To type 'radial flow' there are two kinds, among others, 'Inward-radial-flow' and 'Outward-radial-flow' is often applied as a Francis turbine with the following explanation:
In the turbine type 'Inward-radial-flow', the flow of incoming water from the reservoir into the runner through the penstock and spiral casing from the outside towards the center of the runner and the outgoing direction of the axis of shaft (axial). The advantage of this type is the centrifugal force caused by rotation runners will be offset by the radial flow of incoming water so that when an increase in rotation speed of the runner due to the reduction tends to decrease the burden of regulation by the governor so that the discharge is more easily done.
In contrast to the turbine type 'Outward-radial-flow', the flow of water into the center of the runner and the runner out from the side. With a revenue stream like this then the runner will generate the centrifugal force on the flow of water thereby increasing the relative speed with the result that the addition of water discharge into the runner. This situation will complicate the burden of regulation by the governor.
Example of counting rounds Francis turbine
Head, H = 30 meters
Runner inlet diameter D = 1.2 m
Runner outlet diameter d = 0.6 meters
Inlet angle alpha = 15
Runners fin angle beta = 90
This type of radial flow with velocity ratio, V / U = 0.7
Flow velocity, V = (2 * g * H) ^ 0.5
Runner speed, U = 0.7 * (2 * g * H) ^ 0.5 = 0.7 (2 * 9.81 * 30) ^ 0.5 = 17 m / sec.
Round runner, N = (N * 60) / (3.14 * D) = (17 * 60) / (3.14 * 1.2) = 270 rpm
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