A brief description
Package type bulb turbine 'is very suitable for use as small plants or small-scale hydro power station. Turbine is composed of the outer casing and inner casing. Both
the turbine and generator mounted inside the inner casing is supported
by the stay vane is made of steel and related material on the outer
casing.
Outer casing extension is part of the penstock. In
this case the upstream side of the outer casing connected with penstok
using flange connection, and for the downstream connection to the
drafttube liner using a 'loose flange'. Outer
casing is designed can be divided into two sections to the horizontal
direction in order to facilitate the transportation, assembly and
disassembly. The turbine is equipped with two systems bearing the 'guide bearings' and 'thrust bearing' mounted on the upstream side.
For type synchronous generator equipped with a brushless system exiter type on the downstream side is connected directly to the upstream side runners and connect with the generator cooling fan. Shaft generator connected to the turbine shaft with the clutch and brakes are provided on its periphery. For type 'adjustable vanes' pressurized oil is derived from the bearing system. Servomotor is used to drive 'Runner' is used drive shaft mounted in the aperture of the turbine shaft. 'Shaft seal' mounted on the turbine shaft and the water leaks out through the channel dikeluarkankan turbine chamber is pumped out of the room next to the turbine.
Construction
Load-thrust which occurs in 'casing the inside' and torque, is transmitted to the 'outer casing' through 'Stay vane'. Stay vane should be designed as a means to sustain the weight of the turbine in the front so that part should be designed carefully in order to function safely. Further Burden-Push is transmitted to the 'outer casing' is received by the penstock on the upstream side. In terms of concrete penstock, need to be plugged pipe is equipped with a 'thrust Ring' is planted on the wall as a replacement for penstock, so that the burden-thrust can be moved to the foundation wall. The Weight-turbine itself and the torque is transferred to the foundation using suport mounted on the 'Stay-Cone'.
Bearing and Lubrication System
Bearings shall be designed to be capable of operating safely so that no damage will occur during turbine operation both in normal circumstances and during a round of 'runway'. Bearing Lubrication system used was 'Forced lubrication fed by pump'. For turbines with 'adjustable vanes', oil operating systems 'adjustable vanes' can be used also as an oil for lubricating the bearing.
Guide vane and mechanical operations
Guide vane used is 'adjustable guide vane', and bearings used is a type of 'greaseless bearings'. To facilitate the demolition and installation of the turbine shaft bearing mounted on the 'casing the inside' to be set so that the shaft can be inserted from inside the casing. Operation guide vane, stay vane and runner blade must be coordinated in such a baaik to turbine operation runs perfectly without any interference and vibration. For the smooth operation of each guide vane shall be equipped with a greaseless bearing type. For the safety of operations on each guide vane is equipped with a stopper, so when the guide vane maximum guide movements do not cause each other to disturb the adjacent guide vane. Guide vane should be equipped facility to adjust the angles in the opening. For open surgery is used to drive hydraulic servomotor and closing operations using 'self-closing mechanism by counterweights'. Guide vanes serves to regulate the discharge of water into the turbine is made of stainless steel material is scratch resistant. In operation guide vane is driven by a servomotor which is controlled by the governor. In order to guide vane can move smoothly then it must be equipped with a guide vane bearings oilless type. Must be fabricated with a guide vane in order to obtain accurate for high density level at full closed condition. Surface of the guide vane have a high level of violence to avoid damage when the guide vane push each other. The shape of each guide vane should be similar so that it can exchange installation.
Runner Vane
For turbines with runner diameter of more than 1600 mm, used 'Adjustable Runner. Servomotor is used to drive 'Runner'terletak on the coupling, and to operate a' Runner 'is used drive shaft mounted in the aperture of the turbine shaft. Runner is made of stainless steel and carefully shaped in order to achieve optimal efficiency and avoid cavitation. Trunk blade must be equipped with a quality seal to prevent the ingress of water.
Servomotor
To guide vane turbine operation is equipped with a hydraulic servomotor and is also equipped with safety equipment with enough capacity for various operating conditions. Servomotor shall be supported on a solid foundation with a haunted-haunted building foundation is drilled into the concrete so that the servomotor can be operated safely. Servomotor equipped with locking guide vane type portable that can be used to lock the guide vane for a position open or closed position. Servomotor shall be furnished with instructions striped position scale that can accurately show the position of guide vane opening. The servomotor can be operated manually open or close by.
Shaft
Turbine shafts are made of forged carbon steel and heat treatment are processed correctly. The diameter of the turbine shaft must be designed to be safe both on the condition of the turbine during turbine operation or in standby condition. At the time of the turbine in a standby condition the turbine shaft deflection caused by its own weight plus the weight of the runner should be designed carefully so as not to cause interference with the straightness bearing position. Shaft turbine must be able to operate safely in any conditions up to speed with the maximum speed runway speed without vibration or distortion. Turbine shaft must be assembled with care so that at the time of operation in all conditions, the guide bearing wobble does not exceed the allowable tolerance.
Generator
Outer surface of the stator is part of the turbine body. Cooling air is circulated using a blower mounted on the upstream side of the 'casing the inside' is used to cool the core and windings of the generator, then pass through air ducts and cooling fins mounted on the inner surface of the 'casing the inside'. Cooling air is cooled further back on the installation of cooling that exists outside of the turbine. Exitasi used for Brushless system according to standards.
Water supply system and cooling
Supply of water for cooling systems and cooling turbine generator is taken from sources and processed in the pool are provided for that purpose.
Water Supply System
Provided for the turbine and generator equipment, consisting of 'automatic rotary strainers' with an electric motor drive, including the installation of pipe complete with valves, flanges suport and other necessary equipment.
(1) Capacity strainers are used in water supply systems must be able to meet the needs of both as well as cooling water sistem'sealing water '. Strainers should also pempunyai water supply capacity in the same amount despite the 30 percent of the system to crash with a pressure difference of not more than 0.3 kg/cm2.
Elements of the strainer is made of bronze or stainless steel with an aperture no larger than 3 millimeters and easy to clean by means of 'back-flushing'. The system includes a connection mounted strainers and valves required for operating, maintenance or operation for 'back-flushing', in each of the strainer system either on the exit side masukmaupun given pointing device pressure valve fitted. To clean the strainer element is done by turning towards the opposite or complement scraper tool (rotating scrapers) without disturbing the operation of the system. Driving force of the strainer system is activated automatically using a timer that can be set by means of a cycle time of 1-hour to 48 hours with 1-hour levels, and cessation using limit switches. Strainer system is also equipped with manual equipment to be used for operations during an emergency.
(2) System piping connections and valves
The system is designed insulated pipe joints and can be opened for maintenance purposes, and the branching is equipped with a valve. The design of pipe systems to be installed must be approved by the Engineer before the system was implemented.
Cooling water outlet system derived from the 'oil cooler' turbines or 'oil cooler' generator is channeled out to the pool of cooling water through a pipeline. For the purposes of cleaning and maintenance of the dischargers are mounted on the channel-closing valve or check valve, whereas for the excess water from the strainer should be channeled into the sump pit
For the purposes of periodic checks into the draft tube, the water contained in the draft tube will be emptied by pumping water and channeled into the sump pit. All pipe materials used for the installation of exhaust duct system is kind of stainless-steel.
Water Supply System for the 'shaft-sealing systems'
Water for the purposes of 'shaft-sealing systems' is taken from the strainers are also used as cooling water and cooling water turbine generators. For water as a 'shaft-sealing water systems' use 2 (two) filter type'hand-operated' respectively for normal operation and the other for backup. Strainer elements are made of bronze or stainless steel with a maximum diameter holes 0.2 millimeters and is designed for easy cleaning. In line with the position between the filter and the stuffing-box mounted pointing device equipped with a pressure valve.
Drainage systems
Drainage system prepared for the purposes of disposal of water from the sump pit to the tail race. Equipment consists of 2 (two) units pumps with electric motor drive AC, with sufficient capacity (300 liters / minute, head 10 meters) submersibel type, one unit is used as the main pump and the other as a backup pump. Pipeline system using materials of stainless steel material is equipped with a valve cover, check valve which is operated automatically. Drainage system is equipped with controls that can automatically transfer power from the source to the backup pump in case of damage to the main pump.
For type synchronous generator equipped with a brushless system exiter type on the downstream side is connected directly to the upstream side runners and connect with the generator cooling fan. Shaft generator connected to the turbine shaft with the clutch and brakes are provided on its periphery. For type 'adjustable vanes' pressurized oil is derived from the bearing system. Servomotor is used to drive 'Runner' is used drive shaft mounted in the aperture of the turbine shaft. 'Shaft seal' mounted on the turbine shaft and the water leaks out through the channel dikeluarkankan turbine chamber is pumped out of the room next to the turbine.
Construction
Load-thrust which occurs in 'casing the inside' and torque, is transmitted to the 'outer casing' through 'Stay vane'. Stay vane should be designed as a means to sustain the weight of the turbine in the front so that part should be designed carefully in order to function safely. Further Burden-Push is transmitted to the 'outer casing' is received by the penstock on the upstream side. In terms of concrete penstock, need to be plugged pipe is equipped with a 'thrust Ring' is planted on the wall as a replacement for penstock, so that the burden-thrust can be moved to the foundation wall. The Weight-turbine itself and the torque is transferred to the foundation using suport mounted on the 'Stay-Cone'.
Bearing and Lubrication System
Bearings shall be designed to be capable of operating safely so that no damage will occur during turbine operation both in normal circumstances and during a round of 'runway'. Bearing Lubrication system used was 'Forced lubrication fed by pump'. For turbines with 'adjustable vanes', oil operating systems 'adjustable vanes' can be used also as an oil for lubricating the bearing.
Guide vane and mechanical operations
Guide vane used is 'adjustable guide vane', and bearings used is a type of 'greaseless bearings'. To facilitate the demolition and installation of the turbine shaft bearing mounted on the 'casing the inside' to be set so that the shaft can be inserted from inside the casing. Operation guide vane, stay vane and runner blade must be coordinated in such a baaik to turbine operation runs perfectly without any interference and vibration. For the smooth operation of each guide vane shall be equipped with a greaseless bearing type. For the safety of operations on each guide vane is equipped with a stopper, so when the guide vane maximum guide movements do not cause each other to disturb the adjacent guide vane. Guide vane should be equipped facility to adjust the angles in the opening. For open surgery is used to drive hydraulic servomotor and closing operations using 'self-closing mechanism by counterweights'. Guide vanes serves to regulate the discharge of water into the turbine is made of stainless steel material is scratch resistant. In operation guide vane is driven by a servomotor which is controlled by the governor. In order to guide vane can move smoothly then it must be equipped with a guide vane bearings oilless type. Must be fabricated with a guide vane in order to obtain accurate for high density level at full closed condition. Surface of the guide vane have a high level of violence to avoid damage when the guide vane push each other. The shape of each guide vane should be similar so that it can exchange installation.
Runner Vane
For turbines with runner diameter of more than 1600 mm, used 'Adjustable Runner. Servomotor is used to drive 'Runner'terletak on the coupling, and to operate a' Runner 'is used drive shaft mounted in the aperture of the turbine shaft. Runner is made of stainless steel and carefully shaped in order to achieve optimal efficiency and avoid cavitation. Trunk blade must be equipped with a quality seal to prevent the ingress of water.
Servomotor
To guide vane turbine operation is equipped with a hydraulic servomotor and is also equipped with safety equipment with enough capacity for various operating conditions. Servomotor shall be supported on a solid foundation with a haunted-haunted building foundation is drilled into the concrete so that the servomotor can be operated safely. Servomotor equipped with locking guide vane type portable that can be used to lock the guide vane for a position open or closed position. Servomotor shall be furnished with instructions striped position scale that can accurately show the position of guide vane opening. The servomotor can be operated manually open or close by.
Shaft
Turbine shafts are made of forged carbon steel and heat treatment are processed correctly. The diameter of the turbine shaft must be designed to be safe both on the condition of the turbine during turbine operation or in standby condition. At the time of the turbine in a standby condition the turbine shaft deflection caused by its own weight plus the weight of the runner should be designed carefully so as not to cause interference with the straightness bearing position. Shaft turbine must be able to operate safely in any conditions up to speed with the maximum speed runway speed without vibration or distortion. Turbine shaft must be assembled with care so that at the time of operation in all conditions, the guide bearing wobble does not exceed the allowable tolerance.
Generator
Outer surface of the stator is part of the turbine body. Cooling air is circulated using a blower mounted on the upstream side of the 'casing the inside' is used to cool the core and windings of the generator, then pass through air ducts and cooling fins mounted on the inner surface of the 'casing the inside'. Cooling air is cooled further back on the installation of cooling that exists outside of the turbine. Exitasi used for Brushless system according to standards.
Water supply system and cooling
Supply of water for cooling systems and cooling turbine generator is taken from sources and processed in the pool are provided for that purpose.
Water Supply System
Provided for the turbine and generator equipment, consisting of 'automatic rotary strainers' with an electric motor drive, including the installation of pipe complete with valves, flanges suport and other necessary equipment.
(1) Capacity strainers are used in water supply systems must be able to meet the needs of both as well as cooling water sistem'sealing water '. Strainers should also pempunyai water supply capacity in the same amount despite the 30 percent of the system to crash with a pressure difference of not more than 0.3 kg/cm2.
Elements of the strainer is made of bronze or stainless steel with an aperture no larger than 3 millimeters and easy to clean by means of 'back-flushing'. The system includes a connection mounted strainers and valves required for operating, maintenance or operation for 'back-flushing', in each of the strainer system either on the exit side masukmaupun given pointing device pressure valve fitted. To clean the strainer element is done by turning towards the opposite or complement scraper tool (rotating scrapers) without disturbing the operation of the system. Driving force of the strainer system is activated automatically using a timer that can be set by means of a cycle time of 1-hour to 48 hours with 1-hour levels, and cessation using limit switches. Strainer system is also equipped with manual equipment to be used for operations during an emergency.
(2) System piping connections and valves
The system is designed insulated pipe joints and can be opened for maintenance purposes, and the branching is equipped with a valve. The design of pipe systems to be installed must be approved by the Engineer before the system was implemented.
Cooling water outlet system derived from the 'oil cooler' turbines or 'oil cooler' generator is channeled out to the pool of cooling water through a pipeline. For the purposes of cleaning and maintenance of the dischargers are mounted on the channel-closing valve or check valve, whereas for the excess water from the strainer should be channeled into the sump pit
For the purposes of periodic checks into the draft tube, the water contained in the draft tube will be emptied by pumping water and channeled into the sump pit. All pipe materials used for the installation of exhaust duct system is kind of stainless-steel.
Water Supply System for the 'shaft-sealing systems'
Water for the purposes of 'shaft-sealing systems' is taken from the strainers are also used as cooling water and cooling water turbine generators. For water as a 'shaft-sealing water systems' use 2 (two) filter type'hand-operated' respectively for normal operation and the other for backup. Strainer elements are made of bronze or stainless steel with a maximum diameter holes 0.2 millimeters and is designed for easy cleaning. In line with the position between the filter and the stuffing-box mounted pointing device equipped with a pressure valve.
Drainage systems
Drainage system prepared for the purposes of disposal of water from the sump pit to the tail race. Equipment consists of 2 (two) units pumps with electric motor drive AC, with sufficient capacity (300 liters / minute, head 10 meters) submersibel type, one unit is used as the main pump and the other as a backup pump. Pipeline system using materials of stainless steel material is equipped with a valve cover, check valve which is operated automatically. Drainage system is equipped with controls that can automatically transfer power from the source to the backup pump in case of damage to the main pump.
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